Non-reacting Flow Analysis from Combustor Inlet to Outlet using Computational Fluid Dynamics Code

This paper describes non-reacting flow analysis of a gas turbine combustion system. The method is based on the solution of Navier-Strokes equations using generalised non-orthogonal coordinate system. The turbulence effects are modelled through the renormalisation group k-E model. The method has been applied to a practical gas turbine combustor. The combustionsystem includes swirler vane passages, fuel nozzles, rotor bleed, customer bleed, air-blast atomiser, swirl cone, and all holes in primary , dilution , dome, flare, and cooling ring. Thetotal geometry has been created using the pre-processors GAMBIT and CATIA, and the meshing has been done using GAMBIT, and the analysis carried out in a FLUENT solver. The interaction between the diffuser and the combustor external flows plays a key role in controlling the pressure loss, air flow distribution around the combustor liner, durability, and stability. The aero gas turbine combustor designs are generally guided by experimental methods and past experience; however, experimental methods are inherently slow, costly, especially at hightemperature engine-operating conditions. These drawbacks and the growing need to understand the complex flow-field phenomenon involved, have led to the development of a numericalmodel for predicting flow in the gas turbine combustor. These models are used to optimise the design of the combustor and its subcomponents, and reduce cost, time, and the number ofexperiments

Incidence of calcaneal spur in Indian population with heel pain

Background: This is an observational study that was carried out to find out the incidence of calcaneal spur among Indian population with heel pain as it is one of the most commonest complaints of patients coming to out-patient departments.Methods: Radiological assessment with 200 ankle lateral view x rays were taken for patients (100 male and 100 female) with complaints of heel pain.Results: 118 out of 200 patients with heel pain had calcaneal spur either plantar or at achilles insertion or both of which 60% of them were women. Most common age group affected was 40-50 years.Conclusions: Incidence of calcaneal spur in Indian population with heel pain is 59%

Relationship between qualitative physics and fuzzy logic in natural subsystems

44-49The purpose of this research is to present a comparison between the two ad hoc appearance and control techniques of conceptual systems. In that respect, it is a description of the interconnected notion between the principle of qualitative physics and of ambiguous quality. On that basis the first point is to determine the key feature of each approach is significant. In the early stages of the product development and forecasting process, a large number of input energies were used for its creation. However, they are still being used in nature, though not subjectively impure. Therefore, this research presents the concept of the relationship between qualitative physics and fuzzy logic in terms of developing predictive outputs and using logical resources. Finally, the relationship between qualitative physics and fuzzy logic processes has been proven with the support of the selected natural subsystem

Is fibromyalgia the most common diagnosis amongst female out-patients?

Background: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) among women coming to outpatient department.Methods: A total of 68,625 female patients were evaluated out of which 47,901 were in the inclusion criteria. The screening protocol included interview items that have been defined as components of FMS using the 1990 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria. Data was entered in mx excel sheet and results were analyzed. The socio-demographic data was expressed in proportions.Results: Out of 47,901 female patients, about 40.7% of the patients were diagnosed to have fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Out of which the major group of patients belong to married, unskilled women aged between 40-60 years of age. Conclusions: Fibromyalgia syndrome is the commonest diagnosis among the female patients coming to orthopedic outpatient department

Measurement of Insall Salvati ratio and modified Insall Salvati ratio to assess the position of the patella in South Indian population

Background: This is an observational study that was carried out to find the mean Insall Salvati ratio and modified Insall Salvati ratio in people coming to outpatient department requiring radiograph of knee joint..Methods: Radiological assessment of 200 knees which included 100 men and 100 women above the age group of 18,in a period of 6 months for which Insall Salvati and modified Insall Salvati ratio were calculated.Results: The mean Insall Salvati ratio was calculated to be 0.805 and the mean modified Insall Salvati ratio was 0.605 in South Indian.Conclusions: Based on the above study i conclude that majority of South Indian population had patella baja with female predominance

Comparison on electrical properties of pure Y2O3, bismuth doped Y2O3, zinc doped Y2O3, bismuth and zinc codoped Y2O3 prepared by sol-gel method

Yttrium oxide is widely studied nowadays as a substitute for SiO2 which is a well-known dielectric material. The uniqueness of yttrium oxide is that it has a high melting point (2430 °C) which is higher than other host materials like alumina, zirconia and yttrium aluminium garnet. Hence an attempt was made to add the dopants, bismuth and zinc simultaneously to the yttrium oxide lattice and to study their properties as a dielectric material. Also the dependence of their electrical properties on structure, particle size and morphology is analysed. Pure Yttrium oxide, bismuth doped yttrium oxide, zinc doped yttrium oxide and bismuth and zinc codoped yttrium oxide samples of 0.5 weight percentage of yttrium precursor as dopant concentration are synthesized by simple precipitation technique, sol-gel method. Electrical properties of the samples are studied and a comparative study is done on the doped and codoped samples and it was found that codoped samples show better electrical properties compared with single dopant samples.

Enhanced Critical parameters of nano-Carbon doped MgB2 Superconductor

The high field magnetization and magneto transport measurements are carried out to determine the critical superconducting parameters of MgB2-xCx system. The synthesized samples are pure phase and the lattice parameters evaluation is carried out using the Rietveld refinement. The R-T(H) measurements are done up to a field of 140 kOe. The upper critical field values, Hc2 are obtained from this data based upon the criterion of 90% of normal resistivity i.e. Hc2=H at which Rho=90%Rho; where RhoN is the normal resistivity i.e., resistivity at about 40 K in our case. The Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg (WHH) prediction of Hc(0) underestimates the critical field value even below than the field up to which measurement is carried out. After this the model, the Ginzburg Landau theory (GL equation) is applied to the R-T(H) data which not only calculates the Hc2(0) value but also determines the dependence of Hc2 on temperature in the low temperature high field region. The estimated Hc(0)=157.2 kOe for pure MgB2 is profoundly enhanced to 297.5 kOe for the x=0.15 sample in MgB2-xCx series. Magnetization measurements are done up to 120 kOe at different temperatures and the other parameters like irreversibility field, Hirr and critical current density Jc(H) are also calculated. The nano carbon doping results in substantial enhancement of critical parameters like Hc2, Hirr and Jc(H) in comparison to the pure MgB2 sample.Comment: 25 pages with 9 Figs: comments/suggestions([email protected]

Analysis of welding distortion using finite element method

Welding distortion is experienced during the fabrication of many structures and the control of the distortion within limits is one of the important requi-rements for a practising engineer. The analysis of weld-ing distortion is needed for taking precautionary measu-res during fabrication. In earlier times, empirical cum analytical type of analysis was popularly employed but with the advent of powerful computers, numerical techn-iques are becoming popular for the analysis of welding distortion in various structures. In this paper, the analysis of welding distortion during circumferential welding of a thin pipe using finite element method is discussed. The analysis is of transient thermal elastic plastic in nature as the accumulated plastic strains caused by the localised heat input are responsible for the distortion in the component. The thermal and elastic plastic analyses are carried out using four noded bilinear degenerated shell element which assumes that the thermal and stress gradients in the local thickness direction are negligible. For carrying out the finite element analyses, computer programs are written in C language and are run in a PC with 80486 configuration and 25 MHz clock speed. Due to the limitations in the memory size, the analyses are carried out using out of core technique which involves many memory operations during the formulation and solu-tion stages. The details of the models, the solution techniques and the thermal, displacement and stress results are presented in this paper

Is intra articular injection of triamcinolone acetonide a better option in management for primary osteoarthritis knee than methylprednisolone acetate?

Background: Intra articular corticosteroid injections are commonly using in management of osteroarthritis of knee. Most commonly used ones are methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA). The aim of our study is to compare the efficacy of these two agents in treating osteoarthritis of knee and find out if any one agent is superior to other if so.Methods: Selected patients with symptomatic OA knee with kellgren-Lawrence grade III were given intra articular steroid injections (40 mg TA or 40 mg MPA) and were reassessed on day 0, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. VAS and Knee society scores were calculated using questionnaire method and compared the scores.Results: The VAS and KSS was improved significantly on day 0,1 month and 6th month and it was found to be increased at 6th month in both the groups and the values were comparable in both the groups. The effect of both the agents last for 3-6 months and the effects found to be maximum at 1st month and the effects starts to wean off at the end of 6 months in both the groups.Conclusions: Both methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA) are equally effective in reducing pain in patients with osteoarthritis of knee and thereby improving their functional ability upto 6 months